- Family : EUPHORBIACEAE
(Spurge Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : AMLA FAMILY (आँवला फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : Phyllanthaceae
- Synonym(s) : Andrachne trifoliata Roxb.; Bischofia leptopoda Müll.Arg.; Bischofia oblongifolia Decne.; Bischofia roeperiana Decne.; Bischofia toui Decne.; Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook.; Microelus roeperianus (Decne.) Wight & Arn.; Phyllanthus gymnanthus Baill.; Stylodiscus trifoliatus (Roxb.) Benn.
- Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Bischofia javanica Blume
- Common name : Bishopweed, Bischofia, Javawood, Toog
- Vernacular name :
- Kein, Bhillar, Paniala (Hindi)
- Gobra neerale (Kannada)
- Cholavaengai, Malaipoovarasu, Milachadayaan (Tamil)
- Nalupu mushti (Telugu)
- Cholavenga, Chorakkali, Miachethayan, Nannalamaram, Neeli, Nira, Rakthavenga, Thiruppu (Malayalam)
- Habit : Tree
- Habitat : Tropical evergreen forests, Tropical semi-evergreen forests, On hills above 1000m, Shola.
- Comments / notes : Wood is hard, rough grained and used in various building purpose; Leaves are used to dye bamboo baskets.
- Key identification features : Trees, up to 30 m high with cylindric trunk and spreading crown; Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets elliptic or ovate-oblong; Flowers in paniclulate racemes, greenish; Fruits globose, brown when ripe.
- Flower, Fruit : March-December
- Distribution :
- Andhra Pradesh : Vishakapatnam district
- Karnataka : Dakshina Kannada district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Shivamogga district, Uttara Kannada district
- Kerala : Kannur district, Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Pathanamthitta district, Kollam district, Thiruvananthapuram district
- Odisha : Mayurbhanj district, Ganjam district
- Tamil Nadu : Dindigul district
- Uttarakhand : Nainital district
- Sikkim : Sikkim
- Arunachal Pradesh : Changlang, Lohit, Subansiri, Tirap
- Meghalaya : Meghalaya
- Assam : Assam
- Nagaland : Nagaland
- Delhi : Delhi
- Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
- Mizoram : Mizoram
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands : North and Middle Andaman,Betapur and Rongat
- Manipur : Manipur
- Tripura : Tripura
- Native : Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands, China, Cook Islands, Bhutan, Fiji, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Islands, N
- Exotic/Native : Native
- World Distribution : Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands, China, Cook Islands, Bhutan, Fiji, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Islands, Niue, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Islands, Society Islands, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Islands
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Literature :
- H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3
- H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
- Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
- Naidu, M.T. & O.A. Kumar 2015. Tree species diversity in the Eastern Ghats of Northern Andhra Pradesh, India. JoTT 7 (8): 7443-7459
- Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
- Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, Govt. of India, Shimla: 244
- G.S Giri., A.Pramanik., H.J. Chowdhery., G.D Pal and S.K. Das (2008). Materials for Arunachal Pradesh, Vol (2), Pg: 365
- Read more :
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Bischofia javanica. Downloaded on 14 October 2024.
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Botanical Description
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Herbarium Specimen(s)
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Habitat
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India Distribution
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World Distribution
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