• Family : MELIACEAE
  (Mahogany Or Neem Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : NEEM FAMILY (नीम फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : Meliaceae
• Basionym : Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler
• Synonym(s) : Cedrela australis Mudie; Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.; Surenus toona (Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.) Kuntze; Swietenia toona (Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.) Stokes; Dracontomelon multijugum Radlk. ex C.DC.; Cedrela australis F.Muell.; Cedrela brevipetiolulata Haines; Cedrela febrifuga Forsten; Cedrela febrifuga var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) C.DC.; Cedrela hainesii C.DC.; Cedrela hexandra Wall.; Cedrela kingii C.DC.; Cedrela kingii var. birmanica C.DC.; Cedrela mannii C.DC.; Cedrela microcarpa C.DC.; Cedrela mollis Hand.-Mazz.; Cedrela multijuga Kurz; Cedrela serrulata Miq.; Cedrela teysmannii Hassk.; Cedrela toona var. australis (Kuntze) C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. cuspidata C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. deccana C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. gamblei C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. grandiflora C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. hainesii (C.DC.) Haines; Cedrela toona var. haslettii Haines; Cedrela toona var. latifolia C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. listeri C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. multijuga Haines; Cedrela toona var. nepalensis C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. parviflora Benth.; Cedrela toona var. pilipetala C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. pilistaminea C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. puberula C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. pubescens Franch.; Cedrela toona var. pubinervis C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. stracheyi C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. sublaxiflora C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. talbotii C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. vestita C.T.White; Cedrela toona var. warburgii C.DC.; Cedrela toona var. yunnanensis C.DC.; Cedrela tuna Oken; Cedrela velutina DC.; Surenus australis Kuntze; Surenus microcarpa Kuntze; Surenus serrulata (Miq.) Kuntze; Surenus teysmannii (Hassk.) Kuntze; Toona australis (Kuntze) Harms; Toona ciliata var. australis (Kuntze) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. brevipetiolulata (Haines) S.C.Mishra & Panigrahi; Toona ciliata var. hainesii (C.DC.) Panigrahi & S.C.Mishra; Toona ciliata var. haslettii (Haines) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. hexandra (M.Roem.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. kingii (C.DC.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. latifolia (C.DC.) Chandrab.; Toona ciliata var. listeri (C.DC.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. multijuga (Kurz) Panigrahi & S.C.Mishra; Toona ciliata subsp. nepalensis (C.DC.) Panigrahi; Toona ciliata var. parviflora (Benth.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. pilipetala (C.DC.) N.C.Nair & Kumari; Toona ciliata var. pubescens (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Toona ciliata var. pubinervis (C.DC.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. sublaxiflora (C.DC.) C.Y.Wu; Toona ciliata subsp. velutina (DC.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. velutina (DC.) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. vestita (C.T.White) Bahadur; Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis (C.DC.) C.Y.Wu; Toona febrifuga var. cochinchinensis Pierre; Toona febrifuga var. griffithiana Pierre; Toona febrifuga var. ternatensis Pierre; Toona hainesii (C.DC.) Harms; Toona hexandra M.Roem.; Toona hexandra var. gamblei (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. griffithiana (Pierre) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. haslettii (Haines) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. kingii (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. listeri (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. parviflora (Benth.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra var. pubinervis (C.DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona hexandra subsp. velutina (DC.) S.M.Almeida & M.R.Almeida; Toona kingii (C.DC.) Harms; Toona mannii (C.DC.) Harms; Toona microcarpa (C.DC.) Harms; Toona microcarpa var. pilipetala (C.DC.) Bahadur; Toona mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) A.Chev.; Toona serrulata (Miq.) Harms; Toona sureni var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) Bahadur; Toona sureni var. pubescens (Franch.) Chun ex F.C.How & T.C.Chen; Toona sureni var. teysmannii (Hassk.) Bahadur; Toona ternatensis (Miq.) Bahadur
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Toona ciliata M.Roem.
• Common name : Sandal Neem, Toon Tree, Red Cedar, Moulmin Cedar, The Toon Tree, Indian Mahogany Tree, Sandal Neem, Red Cedar, Australian redcendar
• Vernacular name :
  • Toon, Toon ka ped (Hindi)
  • Ganda garike, Kempu ganda garike (Kannada)
  • Nadi vruksha (Sanskrit)
  • Toon, Toon ka ped (Hindi)
  • Ganda garike, Kempu ganda garike (Kannada)
  • Gaali chettu, Nandi chettu (Telugu)
  • Nadi vruksha (Sanskrit)
  • Santhana vembu, Tunumaram (Tamil)
  • Arana, Thunnam, Vedivembu, Ekana, Chandanavembu, Ikana, Mathagirivembu, Padukaranna, Vembu (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Tropical evergreen forests, Tropical semi-evergreen forests, Tropical moist deciduous forests
• Comments / notes : Occasional on hills above 1200m.
• Key identification features : Large deciduous and handsome tree
• Flower, Fruit : March-October
• Collector(s) Name : R.Raghavendra Rao
• Collection Date : 22/05/1971
• Collection Nos : KFP 1290
• Collection Locality : Chamundi hills, Mysuru district
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : East Godavari district, Vishakapatnam district
  • Karnataka : Kakkupe RF (Ballari district)
  • Kerala : Kannur district, Wayanad district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Pathanamthitta district, Kollam district, Thiruvananthapuram district
  • Maharashtra : Mumbai-City district, Mumbai Suburban district, Dhule district, Nanded district, Pune district, Raigad district, Ratnagiri district, Satara district, Sindhudurg district
  • Odisha : Puri district, Cuttack district, Ganjam district, Mayurbhanj district, Angul district, Sundergarh district
  • Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dharmapuri district, The Nilgiri district, Salem district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tirunelveli district, Vellore district, Namakkal district
  • Jharkhand :
  • Madhya Pradesh : Hoshangabad district
  • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim : Sikkim
  • West Bengal : Darjeeling district
  • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Delhi : Delhi
  • Punjab : Punjab
  • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
• Native : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam
• Exotic/Native : Native
• World Distribution : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam
• Conservation Status : Least Concern (LC)
• Literature :
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1994- Flora of Orissa Vol. 1
  • Pullaiah et al., 2002 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 1
  • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
  • Matthew, K.M., Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Prakasa Rao, J et al (2015). Tree additions to the flora of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. JoTT. 7 (12):7953-7957
  • Henry, Kumari & Chithra (1983). Flora of Tamil Nadu, India vol. 1
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
  • N.P. Singh & S. Karthikeyan 2000. Flora of Maharashtra vol 1
  • Indigenous Plants at Biodiversity Park, Ranchi - Ranchi Afforestation Division, Forest and Environmental Department, Jharkhand
  • Nayar, T. S., et al, 2006. Flowering plants of Kerala, A hand book
• Read more :
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Toona ciliata. Downloaded on 27 July 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution