Terminalia chebula Retz.

 
  • Family : COMBRETACEAE
    (Combretum Or Indian Almond Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : ARJUN FAMILY (अर्जुन फैमिली)
  • Family (as per The APG System III) : Combretaceae
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Terminalia chebula Retz.
  • Common name : Chebulic Myrobalan, Gallnut, Black myrobalan, Chebulic myrobalan
  • Vernacular name :
    • Hara, Harara, Harad (Hindi)
    • Anile kaayi mara, Alale (Kannada)
    • Kadukkai (Tamil)
    • Karakkaya chettu, Nalla karaka (Telugu)
    • Harida (Oria)
    • Haritakkee (Sanskrit)
    • Kadukka, Pulicakku, Putanam (Malayalam)
  • Habit : Tree
  • Habitat : Tropical dry deciduous forests, Tropical moist deciduous forests
  • Comments / notes : Occasional on hills of deciduous forests to 1400m, also in farmlands and in plantations. Fruits are used for tannins and dyes. Plant is medicinal, fruits are used in preparation of 'Triphala Churna' (native preparation along with Embilica officinalis Gaert. & Terminalia bellirica (Gaert.) Roxb. for respiratory disorders).
  • Flower, Fruit : February-October
  • Collector(s) Name : Syed Maqsood Ahamed; S.R.Ramesh; Arun Singh, Raja K. Swamy, Navendu Page, K. Sankara Rao
  • Collection Date : 30-03-1978, 24-06-1980, 23-03-2016
  • Collection Nos : KFP 496, KFP 11617, HJCB-0601
  • Collection Locality : Melkote, Mandya district; Huliurdurga, Tumkuru district; Karadyur, Yercaud Hills, Salem district (TN)
  • Distribution :
    • Andhra Pradesh : Andhra Pradesh
    • Karnataka : Ballari district, Kolar district
    • Kerala : Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Palakkad district, Idukki district, Thiruvananthapuram district
    • Odisha : Odisha
    • Tamil Nadu : Tamil Nadu
    • Jharkhand :
    • Madhya Pradesh : Madhya Pradesh
    • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
    • Sikkim : Sikkim
    • West Bengal : Bankura, Burdwan, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Midnapur, Purulia
    • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
    • Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
    • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
    • Assam : Assam
    • Nagaland : Nagaland
    • Delhi : Delhi
    • Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
    • Punjab : Punjab
    • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
    • Mizoram : Mizoram
    • Manipur : Manipur
    • Tripura : Tripura
  • Native : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Exotic/Native : Native
  • World Distribution : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
  • Literature :
    • Pullaiah et al., 2007 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 3
    • J.L.Ellis, 1987- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 1
    • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 2
    • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
    • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
    • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
    • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
    • Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
    • Matthew, K.M., Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
    • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
    • Indigenous Plants at Biodiversity Park, Ranchi - Ranchi Afforestation Division, Forest and Environmental Department, Jharkhand
  • Read more :
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Terminalia chebula. Downloaded on 5 October 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution

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