- Family : POACEAE
(Grass Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : GHAS FAMILY (घास फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : Poaceae
- Basionym : Arundo karka Retz.
- Synonym(s) : Arundo corea Rottler ex Hook.f.; Arundo roxburghii Kunth; Arundo tecta Blanco; Arundo vallatoria L.; Calamagrostis karka (Retz.) J.F.Gmel.; Oxyanthe japonica (Steud.) Steud.; Phragmites bifarius Wight ex Hook.f.; Phragmites cinctus (Hook.f.) B.S.Sun; Phragmites karka var. cinctus Hook.f.; Phragmites laxiflorus Steud.; Phragmites nepalensis Nees ex Steud.; Phragmites roxburghii Steud.; Phragmites vallatorius (L.) Veldkamp; Sericura japonica Steud.; Trichoon karka (Retz.) Roth; Trichoon roxburghii W.Wight
- Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
- Common name : Water reed, Tall Reed
- Vernacular name :
- Vezhamkole, Chora pullu (Malayalam)
- Perunaanal (Tamil)
- Habit : Herb
- Habitat : Mangrove swamps and marshy areas
- Flower, Fruit : Throughout the year
- Collector(s) Name : Raja K. Swamy; Cecil J. Saldanha; Raja K. Swamy
- Collection Date : 10-12-2010, 16-1-1969, 10-12-2010
- Collection Nos : HJCB-E-233, CJS 12341, SKU 41988
- Collection Locality : Gandi river, Kadapa district; Belur, Hassan district; Gandi river, Kadapa district
- Distribution :
- Andhra Pradesh : Kurnool district, West Godavari district, East Godavari district
- Karnataka : Hassan district
- Kerala : Kozhikode district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Ernakulam district, Idukki district, Kottayam district, Alappuzha district, Kollam district, Thiruvananthapuram district
- Maharashtra : Aurangabad district, Jalgaon district, Kolhapur district, Nagpur district, Pune district, Sangli district, Satara district
- Odisha : Common
- Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Kancheepuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Cuddalore district, Madurai district, Salem district, Thiruvallur district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tirunelveli district
- Madhya Pradesh : Hoshangabad district
- Uttarakhand : Nainital district
- Sikkim : Sikkim
- Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
- Arunachal Pradesh : Kameng, Lohit, Siang, Subansiri, Tirap
- Meghalaya : Meghalaya
- Assam : Assam
- Nagaland : Nagaland
- Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab : Punjab
- Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
- Mizoram : Mizoram
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Betapur
- Manipur : Manipur
- Tripura : Tripura
- Native : Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Islands, China, Cook Islands, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Hainan, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, Laos, L
- Exotic/Native : Native
- World Distribution : Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Islands, China, Cook Islands, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Hainan, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Marianas, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Islands, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen
- Conservation Status : Least Concern (LC)
- Literature :
- J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
- H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1996- Flora of Orissa Vol. 4
- R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
- R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
- H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1.
- B. D. Sharma, S. Karthikeyan & N. P. Singh 1996 - Flora of Maharashtra state - Monocotyledons
- Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
- Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
- Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, Govt. of India, Shimla: 270
- H J, Chowdhery, et al. Materials for Flora of Arunachal Pradesh. Volume 3, Botanical Survey of India, 2009. Pg.: 301
- Read more :
- Permalink : http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Phragmites karka
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Flora Online. http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Phragmites karka. Downloaded on 22 February 2026.
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Botanical Description
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Distribution District wise
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India Distribution
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World Distribution
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