Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard

 
  • Family : SAPOTACEAE
    (Sapodilla Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : CHIKOO FAMILY (चीकू फैमिली)
  • Family (as per The APG System III) : Sapotaceae
  • Basionym : Mimusops hexandra Roxb.
  • Synonym(s) : Mimusops indica A.DC.
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard
  • Common name : Obtuse-leaved mimusops, The Caylon Iron wood
  • Vernacular name :
    • Khirni (Hindi)
    • Kirani mara, Kariyani mara, Bakula (Kannada)
    • Kanupala, Ulakkaipaalai, Karupali, Palai (Tamil)
    • Puttapala, Pala nemmi, Manchipala, Palachettu, Kanupala, Nimmi pala (Telugu)
    • Khiri, Khirokuli (Oria)
    • Khirni, Raajaadanah, Vakula (Sanskrit)
    • Khirni, Mullupala, Pazhamunnippala, Pazhamunppala (Malayalam)
  • Habit : Tree
  • Habitat : Tropical dry deciduous forests
  • Comments / notes : On plains of scrub jungles to 500m.
  • Key identification features : Bark blackish-grey, smooth when young with conical protuberances. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit reddish yellow. Seeds yeild oil.
  • Flower, Fruit : September-July
  • Collector(s) Name : Arun Singh, Raja K. Swamy & K. Samkar Rao; K. Sankara Rao, Arun Singh & Raja K. Swamy
  • Collection Date : 27-11-2014; 26-11-2015
  • Collection Nos : HJCB-0229; HJCB-0411
  • Collection Locality : Sadasivakona, Chittoor district (AP); Palamaneru forest, Chittoor district (AP)
  • Distribution :
    • Andhra Pradesh : Anantapur district, Chittoor district, Kadapa district, East Godavari district, Guntur district, Krishna district, Kurnool district, Nellore district, Prakasam district, Srikakulam district, Vishakapatnam district, Vizianagaram district, West Godavari district
    • Telangana : Nalgonda district, Khammam district, Mehboobnagar district
    • Karnataka : Ballari district, Kolar district, Chamarajanagar district
    • Kerala : Idukki district, Thiruvananthapuram district
    • Odisha : Angul district, Balasore district, Bargarh district, Bolangir district, Boudh district, Cuttack district, Deogarh district, Dhenkanal district, Gajapati district, Ganjam district, Kalhandi district, Kandhamal district, Kendrapara district, Keonjhar district, Khurda district, Koraput district, Malkangiri district, Mayurbhanj district, Puri district, Rayagada district, Sambalpur district, Sundergarh district
    • Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dindigul district, Dharmapuri district, Kanchipuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Karur district, Krishnagiri district, Madurai district, Namakkal district, Pudukkottai district, Sivaganga district, Salem district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tiruvannamalai district, Villipuram district, Vellore district
    • Bihar : Bihar
  • World Distribution : India, Sri Lanka, Siam, Indo-China, Hainan
  • Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
  • Literature :
    • Pullaiah et al., 2011 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 4
    • J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
    • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 2
    • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
    • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
    • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
    • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
    • Neginhal, S.G. 2011. Forest trees of the Western Ghats includes Eastern Ghats Deccan Plateau
    • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
  • Read more :
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Manilkara hexandra. Downloaded on 1 July 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution

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