• Family : POACEAE
  (Grass Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : GHAS FAMILY (घास फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : Poaceae
• Synonym(s) : Apluda varia Hack.; Apluda varia subsp. mutica (L.) Hack.; Calamina mutica (L.) P.Beauv.; Andropogon aristatus (L.) Raspail; Andropogon glaucus Retz.; Andropogon involucratus J.Koenig ex Steud.; Apluda aristata L.; Apluda aristata var. ciliata (Andersson) S.K.Jain; Apluda aristata var. jainii S.K.Jain; Apluda blatteri Sur; Apluda ciliata Andersson; Apluda communis Arn. & Nees; Apluda cumingii Buse; Apluda geniculata Roxb.; Apluda gigantea (P.Beauv.) Spreng.; Apluda glauca (Retz.) Schreb.; Apluda humilis (J.Presl) Kunth; Apluda inermis Regel; Apluda kobila Buch.-Ham. ex Nees; Apluda microstachya Nees; Apluda mucronata Steud.; Apluda mutica var. aristata (L.) Hack. ex K.Bakker; Apluda mutica subsp. aristata (L.) Babu; Apluda mutica var. major (Hack.) S.K.Jain; Apluda pedicellata Buse; Apluda rostrata Arn. & Nees; Apluda scabra Andersson; Apluda varia subsp. aristata (L.) Hack.; Apluda varia var. aristata (L.) Rendle; Apluda varia var. intermedia Hack.; Apluda varia var. major Hack.; Apluda villosa Schreb.; Calamina gigantea P.Beauv.; Calamina humilis J.Presl; Tripsacum giganteum (P.Beauv.) Raspail; Xerochloa latifolia Hassk.
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Apluda mutica L.
• Vernacular name :
  • Moongil pul (Tamil)
  • Ghagara, Holera, Kharwel, Phulia, Tambat (Marathi)
• Habit : Herb
• Habitat : Tropical moist deciduous forests, scrub forests, also in plains and wastelands
• Comments / notes : Common on gravelly soil along river banks and water courses. Abundant on hills.
• Flower, Fruit : Throughout the year
• Collector(s) Name : Raja K. Swamy, Arun Singh& K. Sankara Rao; Cecil J. Saldanha
• Collection Date : 26/10/2014
• Collection Nos : HJCB-0395, CJS 9170, CJS 12093
• Collection Locality : Tirumala Hills, Chittoor district (AP); Shigegudda (Hassan)
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : All districts of Andhra Pradesh
  • Telangana : All districts of Telangana
  • Karnataka : Bagalkot district, Bengaluru district, Belagavi district, Ballari district, Bidar district, Vijayapura (Bijapur) district, Chamarajanagar district, Chikkamagaluru district, Chikkaballapur district, Chitradurga district, Dakshina Kannada district, Davanagare district, Dharwad district, Gadag district, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) district, Hassan district, Haveri district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Kolar district, Koppal district, Mandya district, Mysuru district, Raichur district, Ramanagara district, Shivamogga district, Tumakuru district, Udupi district, Uttara Kannada district, Yadgir district
  • Kerala : All districts of Kerala
  • Maharashtra : All districts of Maharashtra
  • Odisha : All districts
  • Tamil Nadu : Tamil Nadu
  • Madhya Pradesh : Hoshangabad district
  • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim : Sikkim
  • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Kameng
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Punjab : Punjab
  • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
  • Lakshadweep : Agatti Islands, Androth Islands
• Native : Afghanistan, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands, China, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Hainan, India, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Lakshadweep Islands, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Mauri
• Exotic/Native : Native
• World Distribution : Afghanistan, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands, China, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Hainan, India, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Lakshadweep Islands, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Réunion, Socotra, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature :
  • J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1996- Flora of Orissa Vol. 4
  • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
  • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
  • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
  • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
  • B. D. Sharma, S. Karthikeyan & N. P. Singh 1996 - Flora of Maharashtra state - Monocotyledons
  • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
  • C., Sudhakar Reddy & Roy, Parth. (2011). Plant Diversity of Lakshadweep Islands.
  • Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 - Flora of Hassan district, Karnataka
  • Ramaswamy & Razi, 1973 - Flora of Bangalore district, Karnataka state
  • Seetharam et al., 2000 - Gulbarga
  • Rao & Razi, 1981 - Mysore
  • Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 - Flora of Coorg district, Karnataka state
  • Manjunath et al., 2003 - Davanagere
  • H J, Chowdhery, et al. Materials for Flora of Arunachal Pradesh. Volume 3, Botanical Survey of India, 2009. Pg.: 272
• Read more :
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Apluda mutica. Downloaded on 21 November 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution