• Family : ULMACEAE
  (Elm Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : KHIRK FAMILY
• Family (as per The APG System III) : Ulmaceae
• Basionym : Ulmus integrifolia Roxb.
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.
• Common name : Indian Elm, entire-leaved elm tree, jungle cork tree, south Indian elm tree
• Vernacular name :
  • Chilbil, Kaanjhu (Hindi)
  • Tapasi mara, Rahu beejada mara (Kannada)
  • Aavimaram, Tambachi (Tamil)
  • Chira builva (Sanskrit)
  • Daurang, Daranj, Girappa, Charla (Oria)
  • Papri, Kanju, Banchilla, Dhamma, Begana (Hindi)
  • Thapasi, Vauli, Tarisi, Nemali, Pedanevili (Telugu)
  • Aavel, Aavil, Avelkurunnu, Njettaval, Njetavil (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Tropical semi-evergreen forests, also in the plains
• Comments / notes : Often on hills to 1100m. Less in plains and deciduous forests; The wood is chiefly for fuel and charcoal
• Flower, Fruit : December-June
• Collector(s) Name : Raja K.Swamy; Cecil J. Saldanha; Syed Maqsood Ahmed
• Collection Date : 10-10-2009, 13-05-1969, 30-03-1978
• Collection Nos : SKU 37933, HFP 13019, KFP 515
• Collection Locality : Thimmamma marrimanu, Anantapur district (AP); Hassan-Sakleshpur road, Hassan district; Nagamangala, Mandya district
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : All districts of Andhra Pradesh
  • Karnataka : Bengaluru district, Belagavi district, Ballari district, Dakshina Kannada district, Davanagare district, Dharwad district, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) district, Hassan district, Mysuru district, Raichur district, Shivamogga district, Udupi district, Uttara Kannada district
  • Kerala : Kannur district, Wayanad district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Kollam district
  • Maharashtra : Akola district
  • Odisha : Ganjam district, Gajapati district, Puri district, Angul district, Khurda district, Mayurbhanj district
  • Tamil Nadu : All districts of Tamil Nadu
  • Jharkhand :
  • Madhya Pradesh : Madhya Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim : Sikkim
  • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Delhi : Vasant Kunj
  • Rajasthan : Jaisalmer district, Barmer district, Bikaner district, Jodhpur district
  • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
• Native : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
• Exotic/Native : Native
• World Distribution : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature :
  • J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3
  • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
  • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
  • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
  • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
  • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
  • Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 – Flora of Hassan District
  • Cecil J. Saldanha, S. R. Ramesh (1984). Flora of Karnataka State vol. 1. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi
  • Seetharam et al., 2000 – Flora of Gulbarga District
  • Rao & Razi, 1981 – A Synoptic Flora of Mysore District
  • Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 – Flora of Coorg District
  • Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2003 – Flora of Udupi District
  • Manjunath et al., 2003 – Flora of Davanagere District
  • Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2014 - Flora of South Kanara
  • Kamble & Pradhan, 1988. Flora of Akola District, Maharashtra. Botanical Survey of India
  • Maheshwari K.J (1963). Flora of Delhi: 321
  • Duthie J.F.(1960). Flora of The Upper Gangetic Plain Vol.2: 217
  • Parker R.N. (1973). A Forest Flora for the Punjab with Hazara & Delhi: 466
  • Indigenous Plants at Biodiversity Park, Ranchi - Ranchi Afforestation Division, Forest and Environmental Department, Jharkhand
• Read more :
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Holoptelea integrifolia. Downloaded on 7 September 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution