- Family : POACEAE
(Grass Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : GHAS FAMILY (घास फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : Poaceae
- Synonym(s) : Andropogon contortus L.; Heteropogon contortus var. hirtus Hack.; Heteropogon hirtus Pers.; Holcus contortus (L.) Stuck.; Sorghum contortum (L.) Kuntze
- Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Common name : Tangle head Grass, Spear grass
- Vernacular name :
- Oobu hullu, Gandu bin (Kannada)
- Oopu gaddi, Eragaddi (Telugu)
- Kali Kusali, Kursali, Nanisunkhali, Pandhri Sukal (Marathi)
- Oosipullu, Shoolampullu (Malayalam)
- Habit : Herb
- Habitat : Open deciduous forests
- Comments / notes : Common in open grasslands. On foothills to 1200m and slopes. Often the seeds gets entangled in clothes.
- Flower, Fruit : July-December
- Collector(s) Name : Raja K. Swamy; K.Sankara Rao, Raja K. Swamy, Arun Singh; Cecil J. Saldanha
- Collection Date : 15-11-2014, 28-11-2014, 19-12-1968
- Collection Nos : HJCB-E-233, HJCB 0398, CJS 11923
- Collection Locality : Batrepalli, Anantapur district; Tirumala hills, Chittoor district; Arsikere-Tiptur road, Hassan district
- Distribution :
- Andhra Pradesh : Throughout Andhra Pradesh
- Karnataka : Bengaluru district, Hassan district, Mysuru district, Tumakuru district, Udupi district, Dakshina Kannada district
- Kerala : All districts of Kerala
- Maharashtra : All districts of Maharashtra
- Odisha : Throughout Odisha
- Madhya Pradesh : Hoshangabad district
- Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
- Sikkim : Sikkim
- Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
- Arunachal Pradesh : Kameng
- Meghalaya : Meghalaya
- Assam : Assam
- Nagaland : Nagaland
- Punjab : Punjab
- Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
- Mizoram : Mizoram
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Manipur : Manipur
- Tripura : Tripura
- Lakshadweep : Lakshadweep
- Native : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Angola, Argentina, Arizona, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burundi, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Islands, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, C
- Exotic/Native : Native
- World Distribution : Tropical and warm Temperate regions.
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Literature :
- J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
- H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1996- Flora of Orissa Vol. 4
- R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
- R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
- H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
- N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
- Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 – Flora of Hassan District
- Gowda, 2004 – Flora of Sringeri
- Ramaswamy & Razi, 1973 – Flora of Bangalore District
- Seetharam et al., 2000 – Flora of Gulbarga District
- Rao & Razi, 1981 – A Synoptic Flora of Mysore District
- Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2003 – Flora of Udupi District
- Bhaskar & Kushalappa, 2013- Flora of Tumkur District
- Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2014 - Flora of South Kanara
- B. D. Sharma, S. Karthikeyan & N. P. Singh 1996 - Flora of Maharashtra state - Monocotyledons
- Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
- H J, Chowdhery, et al. Materials for Flora of Arunachal Pradesh. Volume 3, Botanical Survey of India, 2009. Pg.: 291
- Read more :
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Heteropogon contortus. Downloaded on 7 September 2024.
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Botanical Description
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![](./hsheet/pdf/Heteropogon contortus/734.pdf.jpg) |
Herbarium Specimen(s)
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![](./hsheet/herb/Heteropogon contortus/P1010083.JPG) |
![](./hsheet/herb/Heteropogon contortus/P1010262.JPG) |
![](./hsheet/herb/Heteropogon contortus/P1011031.JPG) |
Line Drawings
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![](./hsheet/line/Heteropogon contortus/Heteropogon contortus_1.JPG) |
Field Image(s)
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![](./hsheet/field/Heteropogon contortus/Heteropogon contortus-id(2).jpg) |
![](./hsheet/field/Heteropogon contortus/Heteropogon contortus2(2).jpg) |
India Distribution
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![](india_map.php?state_list=Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka,Kerala,Maharashtra,Odisha,Madhya Pradesh,Uttarakhand,Sikkim,Himachal Pradesh,Arunachal Pradesh,Meghalaya,Assam,Nagaland,Punjab,Jammu and Kashmir,Mizoram,Andaman and Nicobar Islands,Manipur,Tripura,Lakshadweep,) |
World Distribution
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![](world_map.php?country_list=Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Angola, Argentina, Arizona, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burundi, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Islands, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, C,Tropical and warm Temperate regions.) |
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