• Family : VERBENACEAE
  (Verbena Or Vervain Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : SAGVAN FAMILY (सागवान फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : Lamiaceae
• Synonym(s) : Gmelina oblongifolia Roxb.; Gmelina rheedei Hook.; Gmelina sinuata Link; Premna arborea Roth
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Gmelina arborea Roxb.
• Common name : White Teak, Coomb Teak, Candahar tree, Cashmeri teak, Gamari, Kambari
• Vernacular name :
  • Gambhari, Gamari (Hindi)
  • Shivani (Kannada)
  • Gambhari, Kasmari (Sanskrit)
  • Shivani, Shivan (Marathi)
  • Adavi Gummidi, Gumarthek, Gamar teku, Pasini (Telugu)
  • Bhodropornni, Kumar, Gambhari, Sewan (Oria)
  • Kumalamaram (Tamil)
  • Kumalu, Kumbil, Kumizhanpazham, Kumizhu, Sevana (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Deciduous forests and in the plains
• Comments / notes : Common in all hill ranges in deciduous forests above 400m alt.
• Key identification features : Unarmed. Bark greyish-yellow. Leaves broadly ovate, glabrous above, tomentose below. Flowers yellow, in terminal panicles. Drupe smooth yellow, orange when ripe.
• Flower, Fruit : February-June
• Collector(s) Name : Cecil J. Saldanha
• Collection Date : 26/02/1969
• Collection Nos : CJS 12824
• Collection Locality : Near Bagi, Hassan district
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Srikakulam district, Kurnool district, Vishakapatnam district, Nellore district, Chittoor district, East Godavari district, West Godavari district, Vizianagaram district
  • Telangana : Mehboobnagar district, Adilabad district
  • Karnataka : Kolar district, Ballari district
  • Kerala : All districts of Kerala
  • Maharashtra : Akola district
  • Odisha : Ganjam district, Gajapati district, Sambalpur district
  • Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dharmapuri district, Dindigul district, Kanchipuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Madurai district, Namakkal district, The Nilgiri district, Salem district, Tirunelveli district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tiruvannamalai district, Virudhunagar district
  • Jharkhand :
  • Madhya Pradesh : Madhya Pradesh
  • Sikkim : Sikkim
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Delhi : Delhi
  • Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
  • Punjab : Punjab
  • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
• Native : Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
• Exotic/Native : Native
• World Distribution : Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature :
  • Pullaiah et al., 2011 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 4
  • J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3
  • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
  • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
  • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
  • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
  • Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI
  • Kamble & Pradhan, 1988. Flora of Akola District, Maharashtra. Botanical Survey of India
  • Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, Govt. of India, Shimla: 219
  • Indigenous Plants at Biodiversity Park, Ranchi - Ranchi Afforestation Division, Forest and Environmental Department, Jharkhand
• Read more :
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Gmelina arborea. Downloaded on 1 April 2025.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

India Distribution

World Distribution