- Family : MORACEAE
(Mulberry Or Fig Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : ANJEER FAMILY (अंजीर फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : Moraceae
- Synonym(s) : Ficus asperrima Roxb.
- Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Ficus exasperata Vahl
- Common name : Sand Paper Tree
- Vernacular name :
- Paaje, Gargatti (Kannada)
- Maramthinniathi, Paeperunkaai (Tamil)
- Parakam, Therakam (Malayalam)
- Korisano (Oria)
- Kalmnor (Hindi)
- Karaka bodda, Siri boddana (Telugu)
- Habit : Tree
- Habitat : Stream banks of mixed forests and Tropical moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
- Comments / notes : Occasional on hills above 1000m.
- Flower, Fruit : November-May
- Collector(s) Name : Raja K. Swamy, Arun Sing, Navendu Page, K. Sankara Rao
- Collection Date : 25/03/2016
- Collection Nos : HJCB-0658
- Collection Locality : Semmedu, Kolli Hills, Yercaud, Salem district (TN)
- Distribution :
- Andhra Pradesh : East Godavari district, Vishakapatnam district, Srikakulam district, Kurnool district
- Karnataka : Ballari district, Chikkamagaluru district, Dakshina Kannada district, Davanagare district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Shivamogga district, Udupi district
- Kerala : All districts of Kerala
- Maharashtra : Thane district
- Odisha : Ganjam district, Mayurbhanj district
- Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dindigul district, Dharmapuri district, Kanchipuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Karur district, Krishnagiri district, Madurai district, Namakkal district, Pudukkottai district, Sivaganga district, Salem district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tiruvannamalai district, Villipuram district, Vellore district
- Madhya Pradesh : Hoshangabad district
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Nicobar Islands
- Native : Angola, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Islands, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Nigeria, Rwanda
- Exotic/Native : Native
- World Distribution : Angola, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Islands, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nicobar Islands, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Literature :
- H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3
- R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
- Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 – Flora of Hassan District
- Cecil J. Saldanha, S. R. Ramesh (1984). Flora of Karnataka State vol. 1. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi
- Gowda, 2004 – Flora of Sringeri
- Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 – Flora of Coorg District
- Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2003 – Flora of Udupi District
- Manjunath et al., 2003 – Flora of Davanagere
- Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2014 - Flora of South Kanara
- Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
- Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
- Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
- Read more :
- Permalink : http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ficus exasperata
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2025). India Flora Online. http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ficus exasperata. Downloaded on 4 November 2025.
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Botanical Description
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