Celtis tetrandra Roxb.

 
  • Family : ULMACEAE
    (Elm Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : KHIRK FAMILY
  • Family (as per The APG System III) : Cannabaceae
  • Synonym(s) : Celtis serotina Planch.; Celtis sinensis var. tetrandra (Roxb.) F.Y.Lu, C.H.Ou, Y.T.Chen, Y.S.Chi, K.C.Lu & Y.H.Tseng; Celtis acata Buch.-Ham.; Celtis alpina Royle; Celtis fengqingensis Hu ex E.W.Ma; Celtis formosana Hayata; Celtis glabra Planch.; Celtis hamiltonii Planch.; Celtis kunmingensis; C.C.Cheng & D.Y.Hong; Celtis mollis Planch.; Celtis napalensis Planch.; Celtis roxburghii Planch.; Celtis salvatiana C.K.Schneid.
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Celtis tetrandra Roxb.
  • Common name : Niligiri Elm
  • Vernacular name :
    • Adava, Garuka (Kannada)
    • Murungan, Kuviya (Tamil)
    • Chitimiti (Oria)
    • Jabjabal (Telugu)
    • Karukkuyyan, Kuyyamaram, Oma, Poochakkurumaram (Malayalam)
  • Habit : Tree
  • Habitat : Shola, Tropical moist deciduous forests, Tropical semi-evergreen forests
  • Comments / notes : Common in moist deciduous to Tropical semi-evergreen forests across ghats.
  • Flower, Fruit : February-October
  • Collector(s) Name : S.R. Ramesh, S.B. Manohar
  • Collection Date : 16/05/1979
  • Collection Nos : KFP 7680
  • Collection Locality : B.R. Hills, Chamarajanagar district (KA)
  • Distribution :
    • Andhra Pradesh : Visakhapatnam district
    • Karnataka : Kolar district
    • Kerala : Kannur district, Wayanad district, Palakkad district, Idukki district
    • Odisha : Ganjam district, Mayurbhanj district, Kalahandi district
    • Tamil Nadu : Salem district, Namakkal district
    • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
    • Sikkim : Sikkim
    • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
    • Arunachal Pradesh : Changlang, Lohit
    • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
    • Assam : Assam
    • Nagaland : Nagaland
    • Delhi : Delhi
    • Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
    • Mizoram : Mizoram
    • Manipur : Manipur
    • Tripura : Tripura
  • Native : Bangladesh, China, Bhutan, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam
  • Exotic/Native : Native
  • World Distribution : Bangladesh, China, Bhutan, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam
  • Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
  • Literature :
    • J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
    • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3
    • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
    • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
    • Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
    • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
    • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
    • G.S Giri., A.Pramanik., H.J. Chowdhery., G.D Pal and S.K. Das (2008). Materials for Arunachal Pradesh, Vol (2), Pg: 386
  • Read more :
  • Permalink : http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Celtis tetrandra
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Flora Online. http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Celtis tetrandra. Downloaded on 12 February 2026.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)

Habitat

Distribution District wise

India Distribution

World Distribution
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