- Family : RHAMNACEAE
(Buckthorn Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : BER FAMILY (बेर फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : Rhamnaceae
- Synonym(s) : Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill.; Girtanneria oenopolia (L.) Neck.; Rhamnus oenopolia L.; Ziziphus albens Roxb.; Ziziphus celtidifolia DC.; Ziziphus ferruginea B.Heyne ex Wall.; Ziziphus latifolia Blanco; Ziziphus lotus Blanco; Ziziphus oenopolia var. fasciculata Bhandari & Bhansali; Ziziphus oenopolia var. pallens Bhandari & Bhansali; Ziziphus oenopolia var. pedicellaris Bhandari & Bhansali; Ziziphus pallens Wall.; Ziziphus pedicellala Wall.; Ziziphus rufula Miq.; Ziziphus scandens Roxb.
- Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill.
- Common name : Jackal Jujube, Indian Plum
- Vernacular name :
- Makkaya, Makai, Makoh (Hindi)
- Chee mullu, Choori mullu (Kannada)
- Chooraimullu, Kottei, Shingai (Tamil)
- Paranu, Pariki, Paraki, Banka, Paragi, Banka parike (Telugu)
- Kantakoli, Kantaikoli, Burukoli, Kanakoli, Tinkoli (Oria)
- Karkandhu (Sanskrit)
- Bor (Marathi)
- Cheriyalantha, Cheruthudali, Churimullu, Kothavalli, Kottaipazham, Mulli, Thodalli (Malayalam)
- Habit : Shrub or Tree
- Habitat : Moist and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains
- Comments / notes : Common on plains, along roadsides and hills up to 1200m. Fruits are edible.
- Key identification features : Stems form blackish galls; Flowers green to yellowish-green; Fruits green, black on maturity.
- Flower, Fruit : June-February
- Distribution :
- Andhra Pradesh : All districts of Andhra Pradesh
- Telangana : Khammam district
- Karnataka : All districts of Karnataka
- Kerala : All districts of Kerala
- Maharashtra : All districts of Maharashtra
- Odisha : All districts
- Tamil Nadu : All districts of Tamil Nadu
- Himachal Pradesh : Una district
- Meghalaya : Meghalaya
- Assam : Assam
- Nagaland : Nagaland
- Delhi : Delhi
- Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab : Punjab
- Mizoram : Mizoram
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands : South Andaman,Goplakabang,Port Mout
- Manipur : Manipur
- Tripura : Tripura
- Native : Andaman Islands, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
- Exotic/Native : Native
- World Distribution : Andaman Islands, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Literature :
- Pullaiah et al., 2002 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 1
- J.L.Ellis, 1987- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 1
- H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1994- Flora of Orissa Vol. 1
- R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
- R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
- H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
- Matthew, K.M., Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
- Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI
- Henry, Kumari & Chithra (1983). Flora of Tamil Nadu, India vol. 1.
- Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, Govt. of India, Shimla: 130
- H J, Chowdhery, et al. Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Volume 1, Botanical Survey of India, 1984. Pg.: 153-154
- Read more :
- Permalink : http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ziziphus oenoplia
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Flora Online. http://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ziziphus oenoplia. Downloaded on 28 February 2026.
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Botanical Description
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Herbarium Specimen(s)
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Line Drawings
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Distribution District wise
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India Distribution
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World Distribution
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