- Family : TRAPACEAE
(Water-Chestnut Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : SINGHARA FAMILY (सिंघाड़ा फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : Lythraceae
- Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino
- Common name : Water Chestnut, Singhara nut, Water Caltrops
- Vernacular name :
- Singhara, Singada, Pani-Phal (Hindi)
- Neeru acrotu (Kannada)
- Kubyakama (Telugu)
- Pani singara (Oria)
- Shudghaatak (Sanskrit)
- Habit : Herb
- Comments / notes : Common aquatic herb in open tanks and along river beds. The plant is edible and used in cooking by Asians.
- Key identification features : Stoloniferous, free floating aquatic herb; Leaves crowded, rhomboid, dentate, petiole base modified into a spongy float; Fruits oblong with 2 spines, edible.
- Flower, Fruit : August-December
- Distribution :
- Andhra Pradesh : West Godavari district
- Odisha : Mayurbhanj district
- Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
- Sikkim : Sikkim
- West Bengal : West Bengal
- Himachal Pradesh : Bilaspur district, Sirmaur district
- Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
- Meghalaya : Meghalaya
- Assam : Assam
- Nagaland : Nagaland
- Delhi : Delhi
- Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab : Punjab
- Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
- Mizoram : Mizoram
- Manipur : Manipur
- Tripura : Tripura
- Native : Amur, Angola, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, India, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, Laos, Malawi, Manchuria, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Prim
- Exotic/Native : Native
- World Distribution : Amur, Angola, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, India, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, Laos, Malawi, Manchuria, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Primorye, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Literature :
- Pullaiah et al., 2007 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 3
- H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 2
- H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
- H J, Chowdhery, et al. Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Volume 1, Botanical Survey of India, 1984. Pg.: 299
- Read more :
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Trapa natans var. bispinosa. Downloaded on 1 April 2025.
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Botanical Description
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Herbarium Specimen(s)
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India Distribution
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World Distribution
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