Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

 
  • Family : COMBRETACEAE
    (Combretum Or Indian Almond Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : ARJUN FAMILY (अर्जुन फैमिली)
  • Family (as per The APG System III) : Combretaceae
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
  • Common name : Belliric myrobalan, Bedda nut tree
  • Vernacular name :
    • Baheda, Bhaira (Hindi)
    • Shanti mara, Taree mara (Kannada)
    • Thani, Kandugam, Sirittan, Tandi, Thaani, Vibidigan, Semmaram (Tamil)
    • Thara, Thandra, Thadi, Bhutavasamu, Tani, Vibhitakamu (Telugu)
    • Bahada, Baria (Oria)
    • Bibhitaka (Sanskrit)
    • Behada (Marathi)
    • Thanni, Thannikka, Tusham (Malayalam)
  • Habit : Tree
  • Habitat : Tropical semi-evergreen forests, Tropical moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
  • Comments / notes : On hills up to 1400m. Plant is medicinal, fruits are used in preparation of 'Triphala Churna' (native preparation along with E.officinalis Gaert. & T.chebula Retz for respiratory disorders).
  • Flower, Fruit : March-December
  • Collector(s) Name : P.Prakash, B.R.Ramesh; K.P.Sreenath, S.R.Ramesh
  • Collection Date : 14-04-1979, 14-11-1978
  • Collection Nos : KFP 6689, KFP 4307
  • Collection Locality : Devarayanadurga, Tumkuru district; Kudligi-Sandur road, Bellary district
  • Distribution :
    • Andhra Pradesh : Vishakapatnam district, East Godavari district, Kurnool district
    • Karnataka : Ballari district, Kolar district
    • Kerala : All districts of Kerala
    • Maharashtra : Akola district
    • Odisha : Odisha
    • Tamil Nadu : Shevaroy Hills, Kalrayan Hills (Salem district), Chitteri Hills (Vellore district)
    • Jharkhand :
    • Madhya Pradesh : Madhya Pradesh
    • Sikkim : Sikkim
    • West Bengal : Bankura, Burdwan, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Midnapur, Purulia
    • Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
    • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
    • Assam : Assam
    • Nagaland : Nagaland
    • Delhi : Delhi
    • Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
    • Punjab : Punjab
    • Mizoram : Mizoram
    • Manipur : Manipur
    • Tripura : Tripura
  • Native : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Exotic/Native : Native
  • World Distribution : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
  • Literature :
    • Pullaiah et al., 2007 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 3
    • J.L.Ellis, 1987- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 1
    • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 2
    • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
    • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
    • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
    • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
    • Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
    • Matthew, K.M., Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
    • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
    • Indigenous Plants at Biodiversity Park, Ranchi - Ranchi Afforestation Division, Forest and Environmental Department, Jharkhand
  • Read more :
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Terminalia bellirica. Downloaded on 7 September 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution
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