• Family : SALICACEAE
  (Willow Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : BAN PEEPAL FAMILY (बन पीपल फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : Salicaceae
• Synonym(s) : Pleiarina tetrasperma (Roxb.) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Ripsoctis indica Raf.; Pleiarina angiolepis (H.Lév. & Vaniot) N.Chao & J.Liu; Pleiarina boseensis (N.Chao) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina dictyoneura (Seemen) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina dunnii (C.K.Schneid.) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina ichnostachya (Lindl. ex Andersson) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina mesnyi (Hance) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina neowilsonii (W.P.Fang) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina populifolia N.Chao & J.Liu; Pleiarina pyrina (Wall. ex Andersson) N.Chao & J.Liu; Pleiarina rosthornii (Seemen) N.Chao & J.Liu; Pleiarina tetrasperma var. ichnostachya (Lindl. ex Andersson) N.Chao & J.Liu; Pleiarina tsoongii (Cheng) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Pleiarina warburgii (Seemen) N.Chao & G.T.Gong; Salix angiolepis H.Lév. & Vaniot; Salix anisandra H.Lév. & Vaniot; Salix apiculata Andersson; Salix araeostachya C.K.Schneid.; Salix argyi H.Lév.; Salix azaolana Blanco; Salix boseensis N.Chao; Salix calophylla Wall. ex Andersson; Salix changchowensis F.P.Metcalf; Salix chekiangensis Cheng; Salix cuspidata D.Don; Salix densa Wall. ex Andersson; Salix densa Wall.; Salix dictyoneura Seemen; Salix dodecandra H.Lév. & Vaniot; Salix dunnii C.K.Schneid.; Salix dunnii var. tsoongii (Cheng) C.Y.Yu & S.D.Zhao; Salix glabrescens Lindl. ex Hook.f.; Salix glandulosa var. stenophylla C.Wang & C.Y.Yu; Salix glandulosa var. warburgii (Seemen) Koidz.; Salix horsfieldiana Miq.; Salix hugelii Wimm. ex Andersson; Salix ichnostachya Wall.; Salix ichnostachya Lindl. ex Andersson; Salix indica Roth; Salix javanica Andersson; Salix junghuhniana Andersson ex Miq.; Salix mesnyi Hance; Salix myurus Wimm. ex Andersson; Salix nankingensis Z.Wang & S.L.Tung; Salix neowilsonii W.P.Fang; Salix nilagirica Miq.; Salix nobilis Fr.; Salix pondicheriana Andersson; Salix populifolia Andersson; Salix pyrina Wall. ex Andersson; Salix rosthornii Seemen; Salix suaveolens Andersson; Salix sumatrana Miq.; Salix tetrasperma var. harmandii Dode; Salix tetrasperma var. nilagirica (Miq.) Andersson; Salix tetrasperma var. pyrina (Wall. ex Andersson) Andersson; Salix tetrasperma suaveolens (Andersson) Andersson; Salix tsoongii Cheng; Salix wallichii Wimm. ex Andersson; Salix warburgii Seemen; Salix warburgii var. eucalyptifolia S.S.Ying; Salix wilsonii Seemen; Salix zollingeri Miq.; Salix zollingeriana Miq.
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Salix tetrasperma Roxb.
• Common name : Indian Willow
• Vernacular name :
  • Neravanji (Kannada)
  • Neernochi, Neervanji (Tamil)
  • Jala vetasa (Sanskrit)
  • Pani begunia, Baisi, Barija, Panijamo (Oria)
  • Bod, Bent, Jalmala, Bilsa, Luila, Bes, Bains (Hindi)
  • Eeti pala, Eti pisinika, Konda ganneru (Telugu)
  • Attupala, Puzhappanji, Vanchi, Vanchimaram (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Tropical semi-evergreen forests
• Comments / notes : Along water courses, often on plains
• Key identification features : Deciduous tree; much branched, young shoots silky. Leaves with serullate margin. Catkins densely woolly
• Flower, Fruit : July-March
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Vishakapatnam district
  • Kerala : Kannur district, Wayanad district, Palakkad district, Idukki district
  • Maharashtra : Satara district
  • Odisha : Mayurbhanj district, Gajapati district, Ganjam district, Kalhandi district, Angul district
  • Tamil Nadu : Alagar Hills (Madurai district), Kolli Hills (Namakkal district), Shevaroy Hills (Salem district), Kalrayan Hills (Salem district), Pachamalai Hills (Tiruchirapalli district), Bodamalai Hills (Salem district), Chitteri Hills (Vellore district), Sirumalai Hills (Dindigul district), Yelagiri Hills (Vellore district), Dharmapuri Hills (Dharmapuri district), Piranmalai Hills (Sivaganga district), Theerthamalai Hills (Dharmapuri district), Gingee Hill (Villipuram district), Javadu Hills (Tiruvannamalai district), Salem (Yercaud)
  • Madhya Pradesh : Madhya Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Kameng, Lohit, Siang
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Delhi : Delhi
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Andaman Islands
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
• Native : Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Bhutan, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam
• Exotic/Native : Native
• World Distribution : Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Bhutan, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature :
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1994- Flora of Orissa Vol. 1
  • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
  • G.S Giri., A.Pramanik., H.J. Chowdhery., G.D Pal and S.K. Das (2008). Materials for Arunachal Pradesh, Vol (2), Pg: 436
• Read more :
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Salix tetrasperma. Downloaded on 21 November 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution