• Family : SCROPHULARIACEAE
  (Figwort Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : BRAHMI FAMILY (ब्राह्मी फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : PLANTAGINACEAE
• Basionym : Herpestis rugosa Roth
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr.
• Vernacular name : Bringraj, Bhringaraja, Bhrungraja (Oria)
• Habit : Herb
• Habitat : Along streams, ponds and marshy areas under shade
• Comments / notes : Occasional on hills to 1100m in marsh, along watercourses etc.
• Key identification features : Aromatic herb
• Flower, Fruit : July-January
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Kurnool district, Vishakapatnam district, West Godavari district, Srikakulam district
  • Karnataka : Hassan district
  • Kerala : Malappuram district
  • Odisha : Bargarh district, Mayurbhanj district, Keonjhar district, Sundergarh district
  • Tamil Nadu : Namakkal district
• World Distribution : India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia to Malaysia, Northwards to Phillipines, Eastwards to New Guinea
• Conservation Status : Least Concern (LC)
• Literature : Pullaiah et al., 2011 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 4; J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2; H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 2; R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa; IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1.; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Limnophila rugosa. Downloaded on 20 May 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)