• Family : EUPHORBIACEAE
  (Spurge Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : AMLA FAMILY (आँवला फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : PHYLLANTHACEAE
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Bischofia javanica Blume
• Common name : Bishopweed, Bischofia, Javawood, Toog
• Vernacular name : Kein, Bhillar, Paniala (Hindi); Gobra neerale (Kannada); Cholavaengai, Malaipoovarasu, Milachadayaan (Tamil); Nalupu mushti (Telugu); Cholavenga, Chorakkali, Miachethayan, Nannalamaram, Neeli, Nira, Rakthavenga, Thiruppu (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Evergreen and semi-Evergreen forests
• Comments / notes : On hills above 1000m, in sholas.
• Flower, Fruit : March-December
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Vishakapatnam district
  • Karnataka : Dakshina Kannada district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Shivamogga district, Uttara Kannada district
  • Kerala : Kannur district, Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Pathanamthitta district, Kollam district, Thiruvananthapuram district
  • Odisha : Mayurbhanj district, Ganjam district
  • Tamil Nadu : Dindigul district
• World Distribution : India, Myanmar, China, Malaysia, Polynesia
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature : H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3; H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Naidu, M.T. & O.A. Kumar 2015. Tree species diversity in the Eastern Ghats of Northern Andhra Pradesh, India. JoTT 7 (8): 7443-7459; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Bischofia javanica. Downloaded on 20 May 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)