• Family : VERBENACEAE
  (Verbena Or Vervain Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : SAGVAN FAMILY (सागवान फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : LAMIACEAE
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Gmelina arborea Roxb.
• Common name : White Teak, Coomb Teak, Candahar tree, Cashmeri teak, Gamari, Kambari
• Vernacular name : Gambhari, Gamari (Hindi); Shivani (Kannada); Gambhari, Kasmari (Sanskrit); Shivani, Shivan (Marathi); Adavi Gummidi, Gumarthek, Gamar teku, Pasini (Telugu); Bhodropornni, Kumar, Gambhari, Sewan (Oria); Kumalamaram (Tamil); Kumalu, Kumbil, Kumizhanpazham, Kumizhu, Sevana (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Deciduous forests and in the plains
• Comments / notes : Common in all hill ranges in deciduous forests above 400m alt.
• Key identification features : Unarmed. Bark greyish-yellow. Leaves broadly ovate, glabrous above, tomentose below. Flowers yellow, in terminal panicles. Drupe smooth yellow, orange when ripe.
• Flower, Fruit : February-June
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Srikakulam district, Kurnool district, Vishakapatnam district, Nellore district, Chittoor district, East Godavari district, West Godavari district, Vizianagaram district
  • Telangana : Mehboobnagar district, Adilabad district
  • Karnataka : Kolar district, Ballari district
  • Kerala : All districts of Kerala
  • Maharashtra : Akola district
  • Odisha : Ganjam district, Gajapati district, Sambalpur district
  • Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dharmapuri district, Dindigul district, Kanchipuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Madurai district, Namakkal district, The Nilgiri district, Salem district, Tirunelveli district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tiruvannamalai district, Virudhunagar district
• World Distribution : India, Sri Lanka, Himalayas, Philippines, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China, Malesia, Indonesia, China; introduced in many parts of tropical Africa and South America
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature : Pullaiah et al., 2011 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 4; J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2; H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3; R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa; N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka; Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI; Kamble & Pradhan, 1988. Flora of Akola District, Maharashtra. Botanical Survey of India
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Gmelina arborea. Downloaded on 2 April 2025.

Botanical Description

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