• Family : ULMACEAE
  (Elm Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : KHIRK FAMILY
• Family (as per The APG System III) : CANNABACEAE
• Basionym : Cyclostemon cuspidatum Blume
• Synonym(s) : Gironniera reticulata Thw.
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Aphananthe cuspidata (Blume) Planch.
• Vernacular name : Kodithani (Tamil); Bhuthiyunarthi, Thondupoliyan (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Semi-Evergreen forests
• Comments / notes : Found in evergreen forests at higher altitudes.
• Key identification features : Trunk buttressed
• Flower, Fruit : February-May
• Distribution :
  • Karnataka : Chikkamagaluru district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district
  • Kerala : Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district
  • Tamil Nadu : Kolli Hills (Namakkal district)
• World Distribution : India including Andaman Islands, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Hainan, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Malaysia
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature : Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI; Cecil J. Saldanha, S. R. Ramesh (1984). Flora of Karnataka State vol. 1. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi; Gowda, 2004 – Flora of Sringeri; Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 – Flora of Coorg
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Aphananthe cuspidata. Downloaded on 3 June 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)