• Family : MORACEAE
  (Mulberry Or Fig Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : ANJEER FAMILY (अंजीर फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : MORACEAE
• Synonym(s) : Ficus asperrima Roxb.
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Ficus exasperata Vahl
• Common name : Sand Paper Tree
• Vernacular name : Paaje, Gargatti (Kannada); Maramthinniathi, Paeperunkaai (Tamil); Parakam, Therakam (Malayalam); Korisano (Oria); Kalmnor (Hindi); Karaka bodda, Siri boddana (Telugu)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Stream banks of mixed forests and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
• Comments / notes : Occasional on hills above 1000m.
• Flower, Fruit : November-May
• Collector(s) Name : Raja K. Swamy, Arun Sing, Navendu Page & K. Sankara Rao
• Collection Date : 25/03/2016
• Collection Nos : HJCB-0658
• Collection Locality : Semmedu, Kolli Hills, Yercaud, Salem district (TN)
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : East Godavari district, Vishakapatnam district, Srikakulam district, Kurnool district
  • Karnataka : Ballari district, Chikkamagaluru district, Dakshina Kannada district, Davanagare district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Shivamogga district, Udupi district
  • Kerala : All districts of Kerala
  • Odisha : Ganjam district, Mayurbhanj district
  • Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dindigul district, Dharmapuri district, Kanchipuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Karur district, Krishnagiri district, Madurai district, Namakkal district, Pudukkottai district, Sivaganga district, Salem district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tiruvannamalai district, Villipuram district, Vellore district
• World Distribution : East Africa, Arabia, India, Sri Lanka
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature : H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 – Flora of Hassan District; Cecil J. Saldanha, S. R. Ramesh (1984). Flora of Karnataka State vol. 1. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi; Gowda, 2004 – Flora of Sringeri; Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 – Flora of Coorg District; Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2003 – Flora of Udupi District; Manjunath et al., 2003 – Flora of Davanagere; Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2014 - Flora of South Kanara ; Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ficus exasperata. Downloaded on 2 April 2025.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)