• Family : MORACEAE
  (Mulberry Or Fig Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : ANJEER FAMILY (अंजीर फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : MORACEAE
• Synonym(s) : Ficus arnottiana var. courtallensis (Miq.) Miq.
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq.
• Common name : Indian Rock Fig
• Vernacular name : Paras Pipal (Hindi); Kalleshvatha, Bettadaarali (Kannada); Kodiarasu (Tamil); Kapitanah, Parisah (Sanskrit); Pair (Marathi); Aswathom, Amakanniyan, Kallal, Kallarayal (Malayalam); Paras Pipal, Jinde, Plokhyo (Oria); Kalla ravi (Telugu)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests
• Comments / notes : On hills above 800m, often associated with rocks, inside sholas and bordering the ghats.
• Flower, Fruit : June-September
• Collector(s) Name : Raja K.Swamy & K.Sankara Rao
• Collection Date : 27/11/2014
• Collection Nos : HJCB-E-157
• Collection Locality : Sadasivakona Forest, Chittoor district (AP)
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : East Godavari district, Kurnool district, Chittoor district, Vishakapatnam district, Srikakulam district
  • Karnataka : Ballari district, Chikkamagaluru district, Chitradurga district, Davanagare district, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) district, Hassan district, Kolar district, Mysuru district, Shivamogga district, Uttara Kannada district, Dakshina Kannada district
  • Kerala : Kasaragod district, Kannur district, Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Kottayam district, Pathanamthitta district, Kollam district, Thiruvananthapuram district
  • Maharashtra : Akola district
  • Odisha : Puri district, Sambalpur district, Mayurbhanj district, Khurda district, Ganjam district, Cuttack district, Kalhandi district
  • Tamil Nadu : Coimbatore district, Dindigul district, Dharmapuri district, Kanchipuram (Changalpattu-CGP) district, Karur district, Krishnagiri district, Madurai district, Namakkal district, Pudukkottai district, Sivaganga district, Salem district, Tiruchirapalli district, Tiruvannamalai district, Villipuram district, Vellore district
• Native : India
• World Distribution : India, Sri Lanka
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature : H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 – Flora of Hassan district; Cecil J. Saldanha, S. R. Ramesh (1984). Flora of Karnataka State vol. 1. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi; Gowda, 2004 -Flora of Sringeri; Rao & Razi, 1981 – A Synoptic Flora of Mysore; Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2003 – Flora of Udupi district; Manjunath et al., 2003 – Flora of Davanagere; Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2014 - Flora of South Kanara; Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI; Kamble & Pradhan, 1988. Flora of Akola District, Maharashtra. Botanical Survey of India
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ficus arnottiana. Downloaded on 2 April 2025.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)