- Family : EUPHORBIACEAE
(Spurge Family)
- Family (Hindi name) : AMLA FAMILY (आँवला फैमिली)
- Family (as per The APG System III) : EUPHORBIACEAE
- Synonym(s) : Excoecaria robusta Hook.f.
- Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Excoecaria oppositifolia var. crenulata (Wight) Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
- Vernacular name : Paal maram (Tamil); Era (Malayalam)
- Habit : Tree
- Habitat : Evergreen and shola forests
- Comments / notes : Occasional in wet-evergreen forests of upper ghats above 1000m. Exudes copious milky latex while blazed by locals. These are confined to Shola forests in South Indian hills.
- Key identification features : Capsule pendulous, three lobed.
- Flower, Fruit : December-June
- Collection Nos : KFP 12283, CJS 16850
- Distribution :
- Karnataka : Chikkamagaluru district, Mysuru district, Uttara Kannada district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district
- Kerala : Kannur district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Idukki district, Thiruvananthapuram district
- Tamil Nadu : Dharmapuri district, Vellore district, Tiruchirapalli district, Namakkal district
- Native : India, Sri Lanka
- World Distribution : India, Sri Lanka
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Literature : Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 - Flora of Hassan district, Karnataka; Saldanha, C.J. (1996). Flora of Karnataka vol. 2. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi; Parthsarathy, N & Pragasan , A L 2009. Check List 5(3):542-569; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983; Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Excoecaria crenulata. Downloaded on 7 September 2024.
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Botanical Description
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![](./hsheet/pdf/Excoecaria crenulata/141.pdf.jpg) |
![](./hsheet/pdf/Excoecaria crenulata/142.pdf.jpg) |
Herbarium Specimen(s)
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![](./hsheet/herb/Excoecaria crenulata/P1010011.JPG) |
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Field Image(s)
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![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_0172 (27)Excocaeria crenulata.jpg) |
![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_0174 (29).jpg) |
![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_0179.jpg) |
![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_0182 (37).jpg) |
![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_0814Arun.jpg) |
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![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_1 (1425).JPG) |
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![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_8762.JPG) |
![](./hsheet/field/Excoecaria crenulata/DSC_8843.JPG) |
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