• Family : DIPTEROCARPACEAE
  (Dipterocarpus Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : SAKHU FAMILY
• Family (as per The APG System III) : DIPTEROCARPACEAE
• Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Shorea robusta Gaertn.
• Common name : The Sal
• Vernacular name : Guggilamu, Gugal, Thamba (Telugu); Sal, Sakhu (Hindi); Saluvai maram (Tamil); Sal, Salura, Sekura, Sagua, Rengal (Oria)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Deciduous and Sal forests
• Comments / notes : In moist deciduous forest. Occasional in hilly forests. Wood is used commercially. Wood resin is aromatic and incense. Fat extracted from the seeds
• Key identification features : Bark is dark brown rough with deep verticle furrows. Fruit winged
• Flower, Fruit : March-June
• Collector(s) Name : Atun Singh, Raja K. Swamy & Navendu Page
• Collection Date : 25/02/2016
• Collection Nos : HJCB-E-331
• Collection Locality : Mahanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Nyagarh district (OD)
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Vishakapatnam district, East Godavari district, West Godavari district, Srikakulam district, Chittoor district
  • Karnataka : Bengaluru district, Chikkamagaluru district, Dakshina Kannada district, Davanagare district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Mysuru district, Shivamogga district, Udupi district, Uttara Kannada district
  • Maharashtra : Amravati district
  • Odisha : Throughout the Odisha
• Native : Indian subcontinent
• World Distribution : India, Bhutan, Nepal
• Conservation Status : Least Concern (LC)
• Literature : J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2; H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3; R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa; IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. ; Sudhakar Reddy, C et al., 2009. Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India; Franklin Benjamin & G.V.S.Murthy, 2013. Flora of Sri Venkateswara National Park, Andhra Pradesh, BSI.
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Raja K Swamy, Deepak Kumar, Arun Singh R. and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. http://peninsula.ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Shorea robusta. Downloaded on 3 April 2025.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)