- Family : STERCULIACEAE
(STERCULIA OR COCOA FAMILY)
- Family (as per The Plant List) : Malvaceae
- Species : Sterculia urens
- Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight
- Common name : Gum Karaya, Sterculia Gum
- Vernacular name : Kulu, Gulu, Gular (Hin.); Kempu dalay (Kan.); Senthanukku, Senthalamaram, Kavalam (Tam.); Erra puniki chettu, Tabsu, Konda Tamara (Tel.); Genduli, Girungila, Kudalo, Kavili (Ori.)
- Key identification features : Bark pale whitish, smooth, peeling off in flakes. Flowers foetid. Follicles reddish-yellow.
- Habit : Tree
- Flower, Fruit : December-May
- Comments : Fairly common in scrub jungles and on hills of deciduous forests up to 1200 m. One of the earliest deciduous trees to flower. An exudate known as 'Gum Karaya', from the trunk is valuable in pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic and food industries.
- Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
- Distribution Locality : Throughout Eastern Ghats
- World Distribution : India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Philippines
- Literature : Pullaiah et al., 2002 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 1; J.L.Ellis, 1987- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 1; H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1994- Flora of Orissa Vol. 1 ; R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District ; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipal, Orissa; N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983.; Neginhal, S.G., Forest Trees of the Western Ghats includes Eastern Ghats and Deccan Plateau. 2011.
- Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Arun Singh R., Deepak Kumar, Raja K Swamy and Navendu Page (2016). Digital Flora of Eastern Ghats. http://easternghats.ces.iisc.ernet.in/plants.php?name=Sterculia urens. Downloaded on 4 July 2024.
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