Herbarium JCB

Santalum album L.

Family : SANTALACEAE
(SANDALWOOD FAMILY)
Family (as per The Plant List) : Santalaceae
Species : Santalum album
Species Name (as per The Plant List) : Santalum album L.
Common name : Sandalwood Tree
Vernacular name : Safed Chandan (Hin.); Srigandha mara (Kan.); Santhanam (Tam.); Chandanam (Tel.); Chandan, Gonda Saro (Ori.); Chandana, Shrikand (San.)
Endemism : Peninsular India
Key identification features : A small evergreen semi-parasitic native tree. Bark is dark grey with narrow fissures and regularly-shaped scales. Leaves are simple, opposite, shortly-stalked, glossy and elliptic. The bell-shaped flowers are small (about 0.5-0.75 cm), purplish-brown, borne in loose clusters in terminal as well as axillary paniculate cymose inflorescence. Sandalwood trees show considerable variation with respect to shape, size of their leaf and fruit.
Habit : Tree
Flower, Fruit : Throughout the Year
Native : India
Comments : Occasional on foothills up to 1400 m, sometimes abundant on lower slopes. The species is distributed widely in South India and is under massive threat due anthropogenic factors and its demand for fragrant wood of commerce.
Conservation Status : Vulnerable (VU)
Distribution Locality : Bellary district, Kolar district (Karnataka State); Chitteri Hills (Dharmapuri district), Sirumalai Hills (Dindigul district), Yelagiri Hills (Vellore district, former North Arcot), Dharmapuri Hills (Dharmapuri district), Gingee Hill (Villupuram district), Javadhu Hills (Tiruvannamalai district, former North Arcot) (Tamil Nadu State); Visakhapatnam district, East Godavari district, Srikakulam district, Krishna district, Kurnool district, Kadapa district, Anantapur district, Chittoor district (Andhra Pradesh State); Kalahandi district (Odisha State)
World Distribution : India
Literature : J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2; H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3; Pullaiah et al., 2002 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 1 ; R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District; H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipal, Orissa; IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1.; N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka; Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983.
Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Arun Singh R., Deepak Kumar, Raja K Swamy and Navendu Page (2016). Digital Flora of Eastern Ghats. http://easternghats.ces.iisc.ernet.in/plants.php?name=Santalum album. Downloaded on 28 September 2024.